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Knowledge Center
We believe that sharing our expertise and collaborations in clean energy policy is how real, effective change happens.
From reports and policy briefs, to webinars and podcasts—RAP advisors have built an extensive collection of resources providing in-depth analysis and practical solutions to today’s energy challenges.
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热泵是实现可再生能源高效利用的技术路径,是热电转换的最佳途径,是全球公认的节能减碳技术措施。中国清洁取暖国家战略的实施,推动了热泵供暖的广泛应用。作为全国“煤改电”先进示范区域,北京制定了多项清洁取暖政策,以全社会减碳量为目标,综合考虑能源结构和价格系统,对比多种技术间的减碳效益和经济成本,鼓励可持续长期减碳的高效热泵技术发展,禁止、限制新增及改建热源中高碳排放的燃煤、燃气供热占比,为北方地区城市供热发展提供了积极参考。… View Summary +
![](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pexels-miko-pslt-1151922510-21282824-680x420.jpg)
随着电力体制改革的深入和电力市场化的推进,中长期市场和现货市场发展迅速。长期以来,电力中长期合同被视作保供稳价的“压舱石”,随着改革的不断深入,中长期市场中存在的两个关键问题逐渐暴露出来,即不合理的上网电价机制以及对电力调度产生的深层次影响,进而延缓了新能源入市进程。针对这些问题,我们对现状进行了梳理并总结了一些国际经验,对完善燃煤发电上网电价和通过中长期市场支持系统灵活性等方面提出了五点思路。… View Summary +
![grid transmission line](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pexels-brett-sayles-932177-680x420.jpg)
In an interactive webinar, Camille Kadoch of RAP and Amy Wagner of Evolved Energy Research presented the findings of a new report showing how enhanced demand flexibility from vehicle charging can unlock a significant amount of value to the power… View Summary +
Part of RAP and ICCT’s Benefits of EVs Through Smart Charging Global Project With economic forces and policy efforts encouraging transportation electrification, it is critical that electric vehicle (EV) demand on the power grid be carefully integrated to avoid unnecessarily… View Summary +
![A white electric vehicle is parked in front of a house, charging from a residential charger.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GOUS-Featured.png)
Increasing the availability of renewable energy is key to reducing harmful carbon pollution. But before building a large-scale solar or wind project, developers may need approvals from multiple levels of government. These reviews may consider project aesthetics, economics, land use… View Summary +
![Solar panels and two white wind turbines against blue sky](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cover-wind-solar-credit-kurmyshov-iStock-599972648.jpeg)
Jump to English summary Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist es, die Herausforderungen beim Netzanschluss von Ladeparks zu systematisieren und auch für Fachfremde nachvollziehbar darzustellen. Außerdem werden zentrale Lösungsansätze beschrieben und bewertet. Dafür haben wir drei typische Anwendungsfälle für verschiedene… View Summary +
![Power lines at sunset; traffic pic taken on delay](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Transmission-lines-sunset-1-680x420.jpg)
Shifting gear to tackle power grid scarcity Power grids are fundamental to the energy transition. Due to their limited capacity, however, they are also proving to be a key barrier. Grid shortages are increasingly the new normal worldwide. Improving the use… View Summary +
![E-Truck charging station](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/etruck-charging-milence-2024-featured-image-toolkit-680x420.jpg)
In a webinar panel discussion, presenters discussed the fundamentals of designing an effective 24/7 carbon-free electricity transition tariff: Integrate transition tariff investments with ongoing utility planning. Ensure accurate hourly emissions tracking and verification. Design transition tariffs to accelerate complementary investments. View Summary +
Policymakers across the globe are searching for solutions to reduce the use of fossil fuels and their associated climate impacts. Attention has focused on the heating sector, which relies heavily on fossil fuels and was responsible for almost 40% of… View Summary +
![Bright colorful building in Budapest, Hungary](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/clean-heat-standards-handbook-cover-2024-featured-image-680x420.jpg)
(A summary version of this paper is also available.) An increasing number of national, state and local government leaders recognize that rapidly decarbonizing the electricity grid is necessary to slow the disruptive effects of a changing climate. At the… View Summary +
![Young woman gesturing to large computer screen showing wind and solar energy](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/renewables-woman-screen-iStock-1402667894.jpg)
(A technical version of this paper, with four detailed appendices, is also available.) An increasing number of national, state and local government leaders recognize that rapidly decarbonizing the electricity grid is necessary to slow the disruptive effects of a… View Summary +
![Young woman gesturing to large computer screen showing wind and solar energy](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/renewables-woman-screen-iStock-1402667894.jpg)
The Regulatory Energy Transition Accelerator (RETA, https://retatheaccelerator.org/), launched at COP26, is an initiative to build capacity for energy regulators as they work to advance toward a clean energy transition. Serving as a resource hub for regulators, RETA’s flagship project,… View Summary +
![Colorful push pins create a network across a map in shades of blue.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ElevatingPriorityDecarbonization-RETAFeaturedImage.png)
建筑领域绿色低碳转型是中国实现双碳目标的重要战略举措,在碳达峰碳中和“1+N”政策体系下,住房城乡建设部在2022年3月印发的《“十四五”建筑节能与绿色建筑发展规划》明确了“提高建筑能效水平,优化建筑用能结构”的基本原则,更提出了“推动零碳建筑”和“近零能耗建筑”的项目试点。应用高能效供热系统是降低建筑总体能耗的一主要方式。放眼世界,很多设有“净零碳”排放目标的国家也已经开始计划并实行各种建筑供暖脱碳策略。电能热泵供暖(下面简称“热泵供暖”)和氢能锅炉燃烧绿氢供暖(下面简称“绿氢供暖”)便是正在被各国考虑和讨论的供暖主要路径的两种选择。 热泵供暖是国内比较熟悉的取暖方式,而绿氢供暖虽然小众,但其讨论热度却在逐渐上升。当前,欧洲一些地区正在尝试采用绿氢供暖。对于绿氢供暖的成本效益和可行性进行深入讨论已成为热点议题,尤其在英国,应该推荐哪种技术作为主要供暖方式、其余方式又该提供多少政府扶助等相关争论在英国已经推进了一段时间。本文参考英国的相关研究和讨论,对热泵和绿氢采暖的能效性、经济性和可行性进行了对比和分析,并从中总结了两个可能会对其它设有净零碳目标的国家具有参考意义的观点: 热泵具有更高的能源利用效率,并且有助于减污降碳协同、建筑电气化,与电力系统清洁转型等工作推进。 热泵供暖的总系统成本较之绿氢供暖更低,能降低社会在供热转型上的经济负担。… View Summary +
![](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/london-5297395_1280-680x420.jpg)
Slovakia’s climate plans call for decarbonising buildings, shifting to clean technologies and reducing energy consumption. Fossil fuels currently provide 45% of heat and hot water in buildings, with biofuels and district heating — also fossil-fuel based — making significant additional… View Summary +
![View of snow covered mountains in Slovakia](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Slovakia-report-ostap-senyuk-krp9O-SbTTA-unsplash-680x420.jpeg)
Im Jahr 2023 hat die Bundesnetzagentur in Folge europarechtlicher Anforderungen vom Gesetzgeber die Festlegungskompetenz für die Anreizregulierung zugewiesen bekommen – mittels derer die Regulierungsbehörden auf Basis umfassender Kostenvergleiche und Effizienzanforderungen Erlösobergrenzen für die Strom- und Gasnetzbetreiber festlegen. Nach einer… View Summary +
![Transmission Tower Blue Sky](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/transmission-tower-blue-sky-iStock-000005354843-680x420.jpg)