The efficient delivery of Europe’s longer term decarbonisation goals will require substantial levels of investment in the inter-regional transmission grid by 2020, on the order of €140 to €200 billion according to recent studies. Securing these investments, which are necessary to deliver a power grid with much lower operating costs, is the focus of the European Commission’s proposed new regulations. Drawing on international examples of innovative arrangements and best practices, this Policy Brief sets out key considerations for the evolving European approach to infrastructure planning and investment to ensure that it is coordinated, efficient, competitive, equitable and transparent.