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August 12, 2024
建筑节能箭在弦上,供热物理“外挂”势在必行
建筑是中国能源消耗和碳排放的主要领域之一。中国既有建筑总量大,能耗和碳排放强度高。中国宏观经济研究院发布的《中国能源转型展望2022》报告中,提出了一条在合理成本和可行技术下实现“双碳”目标的途径。在该碳中和情景下,建筑和供热行业都需要加速电气化。研究表明,建筑领域将主要通过提高分布式和集中供暖的热泵使用率实现电气化、减少化石能源消耗,到2035年,建筑供暖的终端能源消费应该基本实现无煤化,并在2060年完全停止直接消耗煤炭和天然气(详见图 4-33,CNS2情景)。尽管其他研究对实现“双碳”目标的路径会有所不同,但几乎可以确定的是,随着未来建筑能耗的进一步增长,建筑领域需要采取多种措施大幅减少化石能源的直接或间接使用。 近年来,得益于国家与市政的支持和推广,中国热泵行业取得了显著进展。然而,推广热泵的应用仍然面临挑战,其中高昂的初装和运营成本是经常被提及的主要障碍,但实际上,从产品的寿命周期来看,热泵的高效能可以持续降低电费,使得用户不出几年便可回收成本。 本文旨在探讨如何有效提升居民和商业用户的供暖水平,在满足民生需求的同时最大化的降低费用成本。除了安装高效节能的供暖产品,提高建筑物自身能效,也是非常重要的工作。对于既有建筑,通过加强建筑围护结构的改造可以减少运行时的能量损失和供暖费用,并在安装或更换供暖设备时让用户可以选择容量更小、更便宜的热泵来满足供暖或制冷需求;对于新建筑,通过超低能耗设计也能实现同样的效果,进一步降低热泵初装和运营成本。若在建筑的整个寿命周期内尽早进行全面的节能改造,则能够获得最大的成本节约效果。虽然建筑围护结构的节能改造已是老生常谈,但将其作为热泵的“外挂”,实现热泵和围护结构一体化,能达到1+1>2的效果,丰富政策设计和资源调度。… View Summary +
![](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/stone-brick-wall-of-building-680x420.jpg)
July 28, 2024
季节性容量机制调动需求侧资源发展
随着可再生能源大规模发展和并入电力系统,以及碳中和目标下化石能源机组的转型,电力系统对灵活性和可靠性的需求与日俱增。尤其近年来,国内外频现的电力危机、能源危机无不提醒着保障电力安全的现实紧迫性。各个国家和地区的电力市场设立了不同类型的容量回收机制,如容量市场机制、稀缺定价机制及容量补偿机制等。2022年,国家发改委、国家能源局发布的《关于加快建设全国统一电力市场体系的指导意见》(发改体改【2022】118号)发布一年多来,围绕“加快形成统一开放、竞争有序、安全高效、治理完善的电力市场体系”目标,容量成本回收机制建设稳步推进。 去年,国家发改委、国家能源局近期联合印发《关于建立煤电容量电价机制的通知》,容量补偿机制从无到有,现在朝着市场化的方向纵深发展。4月25日,国家发改委发布了《电力市场运行基本规则》( 2024年第20号令),呼吁“逐步推动建立市场化的容量成本回收机制”,由“发电机组、 储能等”资源出力。容量市场应该可以开放给各类资源参与。此前,… View Summary +
![](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/autumn-leaves-8802536_1280-680x420.webp)
July 26, 2024
How to drive industrial electrification for climate and strategic independence
Electrification is the name of the game Heat is a crucial element in almost every manufacturing process, whether it is in the heavy stuff of melting glass and steel or firing ceramics at scorching temperatures (800°C-1,500°C), producing chemicals (100°C-500 °C),… View Summary +
![Clear glass bottles with green caps on industrial conveyor belt in factory in Siegsdorf, Germany](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/industrial-electrification-unsplash-foresight1-july-2024-featured-image-680x420.jpg)
July 2, 2024
Treat the cause, not the symptom: Preparing for megawatt truck charging uptake in Europe
Unbalanced charging could put unnecessary stress on distribution grids The European Union’s Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), which entered into force mid-April 2024, requires Member States to scale up the buildout of truck charging capacity and density starting in 2025. View Summary +
![Electric lorry charges its battery at a charging station](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/megawatt-charging-foresight-july-2024-featured-image-680x420.jpg)
June 20, 2024
优化季节电价,推动电气化供暖
近年来,热泵的推广和应用在我国发展较快,与其他国家一样,要实现清洁供暖的目标仍然任重道远,在采购供暖设备时,许多用户与供热商仍存在犹豫,其中认为热泵运行成本较高是主要因素之一。本文将简要探讨可能解决此问题的路径之一,进一步完善分时电价机制中的季节性差异,即季节性电价–通过调节季节性电价来降低用户电费,有助于缓解对运行成本的担忧,促进热泵的使用率,从建筑电气化层面来支持我国实现双碳目标。 2021年7月26日,国家发改委印发了《关于进一步完善分时电价机制的通知》(发改价格〔2021〕1093号),倡导“进一步建立健全季节性电价机制”,为用户提供更明确的价格信号。更针对电采暖,提出了“季节性电采暖电价“政策指导,降低用电成本的同时更进一步推动热泵部署。自2021年来,许多省份已经响应号召,实施了季节性分时电价。随着更多的大规模可再生能源并入电网,提高建筑终端用能电气化水平可以有助于消纳电量,另外,制定季节性电价可以降低清洁采暖成本,保障民生供暖需求。因此,有必要考虑如何建立健全季节性电价机制。 与适用于… View Summary +
![](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/seasonal-price-blog-680x420.jpg)
June 13, 2024
New Report Shows the Diversity of Clean Energy Siting Policies and Permitting Authorities Across the Country
- Shawn Enterline ,
- Nelson Falkenburg
Across the United States, support for renewable energy is growing. Public opinion surveys regularly show that most Americans see the development of lower-emission energy sources as a priority. The U.S. government is looking to keep up this momentum to… View Summary +
![solar panels and wind turbines generating electricity](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/laws-in-order-siting-report-680x420.jpg)
May 31, 2024
What’s the Buzz? Ground-Truthing Cold-Climate Heat Pump Performance
I live in Missoula, Montana, a small college town tucked into the Rocky Mountains. We’re known for our outdoor access, not for our burgeoning restaurant scene. So when a new spot opens, there’s usually a lot of buzz. It’s exciting… View Summary +
![Heat pump outdoor units in a snowy yard](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cold-climate-heat-pumps-ground-truthing-680x420.jpg)
May 24, 2024
Heat pumps gained European market share in 2023 despite falling sales
Following several years of strong growth, heat pump markets slowed in Europe in 2023. In previous articles for Carbon Brief, we discussed this initial surge in 2021 and explored the impact of the energy crisis in 2022. Yet, despite… View Summary +
![Highlighting high-efficiency air source heat pumps, this image showcases their installation on the exterior of a contemporary home, tapping into green electricity for sustainable heating.](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/carbon-brief-heat-pump-market-update-2024-featured-image-680x420.jpg)
May 19, 2024
欧洲议会微调容量电价机制意味着什么?
引言 欧盟电力市场改革是近几个月的热门话题。此次改革将修订一系列法律法规,包括欧洲内部电力市场法规和指令、能源监管机构法规以及批发能源市场一体化和透明度的法规。修订草案已经于2024年4月11日由欧洲议会全体会议投票通过。下一步,该草案将在未来的几周内经过欧盟理事会的投票后最终生效。虽还须经过欧盟理事会的正式采纳,但预计草案内容不会有太大的变化,我们就此契机介绍和分析欧盟电力市场改革。本轮欧洲电力市场改革内容广泛,本文主要聚焦在对容量补偿机制和与之密切相关的现货市场改革的讨论。… View Summary +
![European flags in front of building](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/European-Parliament-Fine-tunes-Capacity-Electricity-Pricing-Mechanism-What-Does-This-Mean-680x420.jpg)
May 9, 2024
Cold-Climate Heat Pumps Pass the Ultimate Test: a Maine Winter
Heat pumps use electricity to transfer heat, making them an energy-efficient alternative to furnaces and air conditioners. In 2019, the state of Maine made residential heat pumps a core piece of its climate strategy and set a goal… View Summary +
![A heat pump outdoor unit with snow on top](https://www.raponline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/heat-pump-snow-680x420.jpg)